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Duplicate Oracle Database with RMAN. Martin Zahn, 30.10.2008. Details see: Oracle® Database Backup and Recovery Advanced User's Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2). 18/34 10 Using RMAN to Back Up and Restore Files. This chapter describes backup strategies using Oracle Recovery Manager utility (RMAN) with Data Guard and standby databases. RMAN can perform backups with minimal effect on the. RMAN - Creating Archival Backups. To take backup out of retention policy and make it exempt, use the keep option with the backup command. In Oracle 10g, we were using the logs or nologs options to. Status: Description: AVAILABLE: The Object is available for use by RMAN. For a backup set to be AVAILABLE, all set backup pieces must be AVAILABLE. EXPIRED: Object is not found either in file system (for DISK) or in the media. In a standby environment, backing up datafiles and archived redo log files taken on the primary or standby system are usable on either system for recovery. Although some files such as the control file and SPFILE must be backed up on the primary database, the process of backing up datafiles and archived redo log files can be off- loaded to the standby system, to minimize the effect of backups on the production system. Only those archived redo log files that were created by the standby instance can be backed up at the standby site. If there were any archived redo log files generated before the standby database was started, they must be backed up on the primary database. For example, if the first log sent from the primary database to the standby is log sequence 1. If the flash recovery area is configured, Oracle software deletes the files from the flash recovery area on an on- demand basis. The flash recovery area acts as disk cache for tape backups. Using Disk as Cache for Tape Backup. The following instructions assume the flash recovery area is configured (as described in Section 5. RMAN persistent configurations are set. Perform the following steps: On the primary database, issue the following RMAN commands to make a current backup of the control file and SPFILE, and back up files in the flash recovery area created by the primary instance to tape. BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK CURRENT CONTROLFILE. BACKUP RECOVERY AREA. Issue these commands (or use them in a script) every day or once a week, depending on how much application of redo data can be tolerated in the event of the loss of all current control files (see Section 1. On the standby database, issue the following RMAN commands every day to roll forward a level 0 copy of the database. RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'OSS'. BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'OSS' DATABASE. BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK ARCHIVELOG ALL NOT BACKED UP 2 TIMES. BACKUP RECOVERY AREA. These commands apply the level 1 incremental backup taken a day before, create a new level 1 incremental backup, back up archived redo log files to the flash recovery area, and back up files created by the standby instance from the flash recovery area to tape. Performing Backups Directly to Tape. If all backups are written directly to tape, configure the default device type to SBT using the RMAN CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO SBT command. On the primary database, use the following RMAN commands to back up the current control file and copy auto backups created by the primary instance to tape. BACKUP AS BACKUPSET CURRENT CONTROLFILE. BACKUP RECOVERY AREA. Issue these commands every day or once a week, depending on how much application of redo data can be tolerated in the event of loss of all current control files (refer to Section 1. Assuming that a complete database backup is taken every Sunday, the following commands can be issued on the standby database to take a level 0 database backup. BACKUP AS BACKUPSET INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG NOT BACKED UP 2 TIMES. On the other days of the backup cycle, run the following commands to create a level 1 incremental backup of the database and all archived redo log files that have not already been backed up 2 times. BACKUP AS BACKUPSET INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG NOT BACKED UP 2 TIMES. Effect of Switchovers, Failovers, and Control File Creation on Backups. All the archived redo log files that were generated after the last backup on the system where backups are done must be manually cataloged using the RMAN CATALOG ARCHIVELOG 'archivelog_name_complete_path' command after any of the following events: The primary or standby control file is re- created. The primary database role changes to standby after a switchover. The standby database role changes to primary after switchover or failover. If the new archived redo log files are not cataloged, RMAN will not back them up. The examples in the following sections assume you are restoring files from tape to the same system on which the backup was created. If you need to restore files to a different system, you may need to either change media configuration or specify different parameters on the RMAN channels during restore, or both. See the Media Management documentation for more information about how to access RMAN backups from different systems. Recovery from Loss of Datafiles on the Primary Database. Issue the following RMAN commands to restore and recover datafiles. You must be connected to both the primary and recovery catalog databases. RESTORE DATAFILE n,m... RECOVER DATAFILE n,m... Issue the following RMAN commands to restore and recover tablespaces. You must be connected to both the primary and recovery catalog databases. RESTORE TABLESPACE tbs_name. RECOVER TABLESPACE tbs_name. Recovery from Loss of Datafiles on the Standby Database. To recover the standby database after the loss of one or more datafiles, you must restore the lost files to the standby database from the backup using the RMAN RESTORE DATAFILE command. If all the archived redo log files required for recovery of damaged files are accessible on disk by the standby database, restart Redo Apply. If the archived redo log files required for recovery are not accessible on disk, use RMAN to recover the restored datafiles to an SCN/log sequence greater than the last log applied to the standby database, and then restart Redo Apply to continue the application of redo data, as follows: Stop Redo Apply. Determine the value of the UNTIL_SCN column, by issuing the following query. SQL> SELECT MAX(NEXT_CHANGE#)+1 UNTIL_SCN FROM V$LOG_HISTORY LH, V$DATABASE DB WHERE LH. RESETLOGS_CHANGE#=DB. RESETLOGS_CHANGE# AND LH. RESETLOGS_TIME = DB. RESETLOGS_TIME. - -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -. Issue the following RMAN commands to restore and recover datafiles on the standby database. You must be connected to both the standby and recovery catalog databases (use the TARGET keyword to connect to standby instance). RESTORE DATAFILE < n,m..> . RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL SCN 9. To restore a tablespace, use the RMAN 'RESTORE TABLESPACEtbs_name. Restart Redo Apply. Recovery from the Loss of a Standby Control File. Oracle software allows multiplexing of the standby control file. To ensure the standby control file is multiplexed, check the CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter, as follows. SQL> SHOW PARAMETER CONTROL_FILES. NAME TYPE VALUE. If one of the multiplexed standby control files is lost or is not accessible, Oracle software stops the instance and writes the following messages to the alert log. ORA- 0. 02. 10: cannot open the specified controlfile. ORA- 0. 02. 02: controlfile: '/ade/banand_hosted. ORA- 2. 70. 41: unable to open file. You can copy an intact copy of the control file over the lost copy, then restart the standby instance using the following SQL statements. SQL> STARTUP MOUNT. SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION. If all standby control files are lost, then you must create a new control file from the primary database, copy it to all multiplexed locations on the standby database, and restart the standby instance and Redo Apply. The created control file loses all information about archived redo log files generated before its creation. Because RMAN looks into the control file for the list of archived redo log files to back up, all the archived redo log files generated since the last backup must be manually cataloged. Recovery from the Loss of the Primary Control File. Oracle software allows multiplexing of the control file on the primary database. If one of the control files cannot be updated on the primary database, the primary database instance is shut down automatically. As described in Section 1. If you lose all of your control files, you can choose among the following procedures, depending on the amount of downtime that is acceptable. Create a new control file If all control file copies are lost, you can create a new control file using the NORESETLOGS option and open the database after doing media recovery. An existing standby database instance can generate the script to create a new control file by using the following statement. SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE NORESETLOGS. Note that if the database filenames are different in the primary and standby databases, then you must edit the generated script to correct the filenames. This statement can be used periodically to generate a control file creation script. If you are going to use control file creation as part of your recovery plan, then you should use this statement after any physical structure change, such as adding or dropping a datafile, tablespace, or redo log member. The created control file loses all information about the archived redo log files generated before control file creation time. If archived redo log file backups are being performed on the primary database, all the archived redo log files generated since the last archived redo log file backup must be manually cataloged. Recover using a backup control file If you are unable to create a control file using the previous procedure, then you can use a backup control file, perform complete recovery, and open the database with the RESETLOGS option. To restore the control file and recover the database, issue the following RMAN commands after connecting to the primary instance (in NOMOUNT state) and catalog database. RESTORE CONTROLFILE. ALTER DATABASE MOUNT. RECOVER DATABASE. ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS. Beginning with Oracle Release 1. |
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